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Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, the administrative centre of the Central Federal District and the Moscow Oblast. Moscow lies at the heart of the European part of Russia, between the Volga and the Oka Rivers, at the junction of the Smolensk-Moscow hill (in the west), the Moskvoretsko-Okskaya plain (in the east) and the Meshcherskaya lowland (in the south-east). Its population is over 10 million people.

Historical Facts. The first reference to Moscow is found in the Ipatyevskaya chronicle in 1147, when Prince of Suzdal Yuri Dolgoruky met there with his ally Prince of Novgorod-Severskiy Svyatoslav Olgovich. Since 1260, Moscow was the centre of the principality, and in 1460, it became the centre of Muscovite Russia. Moscow has been the capital of Russia since 1918.

Rivers. The city is situated on both banks of the Moskva River in its middle. Apart from the river in the city has several dozens of other rivers, the largest of which are tributaries of the Moscow River, in particular the Shodnya, the Himka, the Hodynka, the Presnya, the Neglinnaya, the Yauza and the Nischenka (left), as well as the Setun, the Kotlovka and the Gorodnya (right).

Water Reservoirs. There are a large number of water reservoirs in Moscow, of which the most famous are the Grebnoi channel, the Velya River (the Sergiev Posad district), the Pronya Reservoir on the river.

Sightseeing. Moscow is one of the largest cultural and historical centres of Russia. The most popular places of interest in Moscow include Kremlin and Red Square, the Pokrov Cathedral, the Bolshoi Theatre, the Cathedral of Holy Christ the Saviour, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Novodevichy women's monastery and others.

Tourism.

• The Kurovo Mountain Park is one of the most popular tourist bases near Moscow;
• The Iksha National Park has a ski resort for extreme skiing;
• The Vorobyinye mountains, Krylatskoe, the sporting club Kant, Uzkoye and the sporting club Zvyozdochka are places near Moscow where you can do downhill skiing;
• Taezhnaya Sloboda is a hunting and fishing base, 50 km from Moscow;
• The Orlovskoe Polesye National Park, located in the north-western part of Orel on the territory of the Hotynetsky and the Znamensky districts, in a place where two climatic zones - broadleaf forests and forest steppes - meet;
• The green ring of Moscow: the Oksky, Prioksko-Terrasny and Central Forest Reserves, the national parks Ugra, Smolenskoye Poozerye and Pleshcheevo Ozero;
• The Osyotr River is one of the most popular rivers for tourists doing water sports in the Moscow region;
• Sergiev Posad, 70 km from Moscow, part of the Golden Ring of Russia.

Downhill Skiing. In Moscow and the suburbia, there are a number of skiing resorts: the skiing park Volen, the recreation centre Skazka, the skiing park Loza; towns such as Kurovo, Ilyinskoe, Iksha, Istra, Zvenigorod, Krasnogorsk, Shukolovo (40 km), Dzerzhinsky (2 km from the city ring road), Balashikha (15 km from the city ring road), Podrezkovo (15 km), Romashkovo (3 km), Manikhino (45 km), Tuchkovo (55 km) and Podolsk (30 km).

Climate. The climate in Moscow is moderately continental. The coldest month of the year is January, -9.3 °C, while July is the warmest, +18.2 °C.