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St. Petersburg is the world's utmost northern city, which is located in the northwest of the Russian Federation, within the Prinevskaya lowland, along the Neva Bay coastline near the mouth of the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland and on a large number of islands in the Neva delta. The population of St. Petersburg is over 4.5 million people.

Historical Facts. The city was founded on May 16 (27), 1703, by the first Russian emperor, who was at that time called Tsar Peter the Great. This date is also the day when the reformist tsar laid the foundation of the Peter and Paul Fortress - the first building in the city - at the mouth of the Neva River on the Island of Zayachy.

Rivers and Canals. A great number of rivers, canals and streams play a big role in the life of the city, they are about 53. The Neva River and the Catherine Canal are the main water arteries of the city. St. Petersburg and the neighbouring areas are traversed by such rivers as the Vuoksa, the Ladoga, the Tikhaya and the Syas.

Water Reservoirs. The main bodies of water include the Gulf of Finland, Lake Ladoga, Lake Malaya Ladoga, Lake Komsomolskoye, Lake Balakhanovskoye, Lake Shugozero and Lake Shchuchye. Lake Ladoga (Ladoga) is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The Neva River flows out of this lake and it carries water from Ladoga into the Gulf of Finland, from Schlisselburg to St. Petersburg.

Islands. St. Petersburg is located on 47 islands of the Neva delta, the largest of which is Vasilyevski and Petrogradski. In the Gulf of Finland, the Island of Kotlin is situated (the Kronshtadt Fortress). There are a large number of smaller islands in Lake Ladoga, such as Valaam, Riskalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Konevets and numerous tiny islands.

Recreation Areas. They include Losevo, a hunting reserve in the territory of the Leningrad region (the Karelian Isthmus), Korobitsino, a popular ski resort, and other bases.

Sightseeing. St. Petersburg is the city of white nights and opening bridges, beautiful sights, has a wealth of historic names related to it and is famous for its unpredictable weather. Its major attractions include the Peter and Paul Fortress, the Hermitage, the Saviour-on-the-blood Church, the Kazanski Cathedral, Peter II’s palace, Peter the Great’s summer palace and the Peterhof Park, Catherine the Great’s Palace in the Pushkin Park and Kronstadt.

Tourism. In and near the city, there are a large number of recreation centers. The best-known of them include:

• The windsurfing center Svyezhy Vyetyer, located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland;
• The Ladoga River, a place for water tours of different classes;
• The Karelian Isthmus, a favourite place for water, cycling and combined tours;
• The Vuoksa River, ideal for extreme water tours;
• The Losevo Rapids, popular with rafting enthusiasts.

Downhill Skiing. The longest ski slopes near St. Petersburg are located in the north of the Karelian Isthmus, where the following ski resorts are located: Zolotaya Dolina, Snyeg and Krasnoye Ozero. Other resorts include Igora, Pukhtolova Gora (Zelenogorsk), Orlinaya Gora and Severny Sklon (Toksanovo - Kavgolovo), the Okhta-Park (located very close to the city) and the Tuutari Park (Mt. Kirchhoff).

Climate. St. Petersburg has a humid and maritime climate. For most of the year, the weather is dominated by cloudy days, overcast weather and diffused light. The average temperature in July is +17.8°C, while the average temperature in January is -7.7°C. White nights typically observed in the city from June 11 to July 2 are explained by the high-latitude position of the city.