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Kamchatka is a peninsula in the north-east of Eurasia, situated on the territory of Russia. Kamchatka is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk in the west and the Bering Sea in the east. Kamchatka extends from the north-east to the south-west over 1200 km. It is connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus (up to 93 km) called Parapolsky Dol. The maximum width of the peninsula (up to 450 km) is the width of Cape Kronotsky. The total area of Kamchatka is 472.3 sq km.

Relief. The eastern coast of the peninsula is strongly indented, which forms large bays – Kronotsky, Kamchatsky, Ozernoi, Karaginsky and Korfa – as well as small bays, such as Avachinskaya, Karaga, Ossora, Anastasiya, Buyan, Vilyuchinskaya, Kommandor, Listvennichnaya, Medvezhka, Morzhovaya and Yuzhno-Glubokaya. A string of rocky peninsulars – Shipunsky, Kronotsky, Kamchatsky and Ozernoi – go far out into the sea.

Mountain Ranges. The middle range that extends to the north-east traverses the whole of Kamchatka from the Plotnikova River to the northern extremity of the peninsular. Its highest peak is Ichinsky volcano, 3,621 m. The eastern range begins at about the same latitude as the middle range and extends to the north up to the Ozernoi peninsular (on the eastern coast). It consists of a large string of smaller ridges. The Ganalsky ridge is an extremely dissected mountain plexus of the peninsular – the watershed zone rises to a height of about 2,000 m and more almost all along its length. Further to the north lies the Valaginsky ridge. Even more northward, there is a ridge called Tumrok. The northern extremity of the eastern range is called the Kumroch ridge. It is its lowest part – most of the peaks there hardly reach 1,000 m.

Rivers. There are over 6,000 large and small rivers flowing on the territory of Kamchatka – the Zhupanova, the Bystraya (Malkinskaya), the Kol, the Karymchina, the Levaya Avacha, the Opala, the Pymta, the Elovka, the Tigil, the Pravaya Avacha, the Bystraya (Essovskaya) and the Levaya Shchapina.

The Kamchatka is the largest river of the Kamchatka peninsula. It is 758 km long and the area of its basin is 55,900 sq km. The principal tributaries of the Kamchatka are the Kensol, the Andrianovka, the Zhupanka, the Kozyrevka, the Kitilgina and the Urts.

Lakes. Kamchatka has a great number of lakes – Kurilskoye, Karymskoye, Ksudach, Khangar, Uzontakiye, Azhabachye, Nachikinskoye and Dvukhyurtochnoe, Nalychevo, Shtyubelya, Dalneye, Dolgoye, Zelyonoye, Ilir-Gytkhyn, Kalagir, Ketachan, Kostakan, Palanskoye, Potat-Gytkhyn, Saranskoye, Seva, Sokoch, Teploye and Topolyovoe. The largest lake in Kamchatka is Lake Kronotskoye, which was formed in a river valley blocked by powerful lava streams of Krashennikov volcano.

Volcanos. Volcanoes are the most prominent sights of the Kamchatka peninsula. In total, there are 160 volcanoes in Kamchatka, of which 28 are active.

• Klyuchevskoi volcano is the biggest in Eurasia (4,750 m). It is part of the Klyuchevskaya volcano group, alongside Kamen, Bezymyanny, Plosky Tolbachik and other volcanoes. This volcano is about 8,000 years old. The mountain guide Daniel Ghauss was the first to ascend Klyuchevskoi volcano in 1788;
• Karymsky volcano is not high (1,486 m), quite young (6,100 years old) and the most active volcano in Kamchatka;
• Maly Semyachik volcano is a volcanic ridge about 3 km long, whose crest has three craters;
• Gorely volcano is a chain of 11 overlapping craters and lakes;
• Avachinsky volcano is an active complex volcano with a regular cone 2,751m high;
• Dzenzursky volcano is a ruined volcanic massif with a glacier cirque crater;
• Vilyuchinsky volcano is an extinct volcano with a regular cone, 2,175 m high;
• Mutnovsky volcano is a complex volcanic massif, 2,323 m high, which has rare minerals glaciers and lakes;
• Ostry Tolbachik is an old volcano, 3,682 m high, with a pointed ice-coated top;
• Ksudach volcano is an ancient volcano with a truncated cone and calderas filled with crater lakes, 1,000 m high.

There are a number of other volcanoes in Kamchatka - Anaun, Asacha, Bakening, Zheltovsky, Zhirovoi, Zhupanovsky, Ilyinsky, Ichinsky, Kizimen, Komarova, Koryaksky, Kupol, Olegenze, Khangar and Khodutka.

Nature Reserves. There are 2 state nature reserves, 17 state wildlife preserves, 5 natural parks, 2 health resorts and 59 state natural monuments.

• Kommandorsky State Biospheric Reserve, located on the territory of the Aleutian national district and it includes the islands Bering, Medny, Ariy Kamen, Toporkov and the 30-mile surrounding water area. The area occupied by the reserve is 1,484 sq m;
• Kronotsky State Biospheric Reserve, located on the territory of the Elizovsky district; it covers an area of 1,007 sq km;
• Koryaksky State Nature Reserve, located on the territory of the Koryaksky autonomous district; it consists of 3 separate territories – Parapolsky Dol, Cape Goven and the Lavov Bay. Its total area is 327 sq km;
• South Kamchatka Preserve, located in the southern part of the Kamchatka peninsula;
• Khlamovitsky Zoological Preserve, located in the Elizovsky district in the Avacha delta, along the right bank of the Khlamovitka river; its area is about 9 sq km;
• The Nalychevskaya Tundra zoological preserve, located in the Milkovsky district along the left bank of the Kamchatka, near the village of Sharoma; its total area is 150 sq km;
• The Timonovsky zoological preserve, located in the Elizovsky district;
• The zoological preserve “Tri Vulkana” (Three Volcanoes), located in the Elizovsky district; its total area is 534 sq km;
• The South-West Tundra zoological preserve, located in the Ust-Bolsheretsky district.

Thermal Springs. There are a lot of thermal springs, spring wells and geysers in Kamchatka.

• The Vilyuchinskiye thermal springs, located in the picturesque valley of the Vilyucha river;
• The Nalychevskiye thermal wells are the largest thermal carbonaceous mineral springs in Kamchatka, located in the interfluve of the Goryachaya and Zholtaya, which occupy an area of over 2 sq km;
• The Karymsky hot springs are located in a narrow valley along the river;
• The Khodutkinskiye hot springs are located at the foot of the volcanoes Khodutka and Priyomysh;
• The water content of the Tumrokskiye hot springs is close to that of the Essentuki springs in the Caucasus;
• The boiling thermal springs, located on the territory of the Kronotsky reserve, 14 km to the south-west of Kizimen volcano;
• The Geyser Valley is a unique natural phenomenon, a concentration of 22 large geysers and a great number of pulsating springs, boiling coloured lakes and boiler pools. The largest geysers include Vyelikan, Zhemchuzhny, Sahkharny, Troinoi, Pervenets, Maly, Bolshoi and Fontan.

Tourism and active rest. Kamchatka offers many popular kinds of tourism:

• Hiking toward the mountains Babiy Kamen, Zaykin Mys, Lyedyanaya and Moroznaya, through the mountain tundra from Anaun volcano to Ichinsky volcano, through the Vachkazhets mountain massif to the volcanoes Tobachik, Kizimen, Mutnovsky, Avachinsky and Gorely;
• Skiing tourism along the Levaya Shchapina river in the central part of Kamchatka, through the Nalychevo natural park, along the slopes of the volcanoes Avachynsky and Koryasky; downhill skiing at the Krasnaya Sopka and Moroznaya resorts;
• Fishing on the Bystraya, the Opala, Vakhil, the Kamchatka, the Pymta, the Tigil, the Bolshaya, the Bolshaya Khodutka, the Ostrovnaya, the Elovka, the Golygina, the Zhupanova rivers and on the Kommandorskiye Islands;
• Hunting in the Valaginsky and Middle mountain ranges in the central part of Kamchatka as well as the eastern part of Kamchatka in the basin of the Zhupanova River (100 km north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky);
• Speleology at Mutnovsky and Tolbachinsky.

Climate. The climate of Kamchatka is maritime and monsoonal, it is more severe in the west than in the east. In the south of Kamchatka, the climate is maritime, while in the centre and in the north it is moderately continental. The aaverage temperature in February is -15°C, and in August it is +14°C. The aannual rainfall varies from 600 to 1100 mm.

Features of Kamchatka's climate are strong winds, hurricanes and storms, a large amount of precipitation, a lot of changeable weather in all seasons of the year, below-zero average annual temperatures on most of the territory. Weather in the winter, accompanied by large snowfalls is most unstable.